Measure disease frequency
Quantify disease
Assess distribution of disease
Who is getting disease?
Where is disease occurring?
When is disease occurring?
Formulation of hypotheses concerning causal and preventive factors
Identify determinants of disease
Hypotheses are tested using epidemiological studies
Types Of Epidemiological studies
Observational epidemiology
Descriptive study a. Case- report ,
b. Case series, and Incidence
Study Designs - Analytic Epidemiology
Experimental Studies
Randomized controlled clinical trials
Community trials
Observational Studies
Group data
Ecologic
Individual data
Cross-sectional :studies examine a point in time
Cohort
Case-control
Case-crossover: are the newest form of epidemiological design
Descriptive study
Case Reports
It generally describes an injury or injuries to one or two individuals that have been identified in a medical situation. Detailed presentation of a single case or handful of cases
Generally report a new or unique finding.
e.g. previous un described disease.
e.g. unexpected link between diseases.
e.g. un predicted new therapeutic effect.
Case Series
In a case series, several events are described.
These events usually have been observed over
a set period of time (such as one year)
and are identified from one reporting source (e.g. a hospital)
Case series also provide suggestive evidence many times leading to more extensive testing
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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