Endodontic Course- Endodontic diagnosis Requirements of a diagnostician Clinical examinations Clinical endodontic tests. Factors influencing prognosis

Lect.1 Endodontic ا.م.د. امير حمدي العميدي
اختصاص تجميل و الترميم
Endodontic diagnosis
Requirements of a diagnostician
Clinical examinations
Clinical endodontic tests.
Factors influencing prognosis


Endo is a Greek word for "lnside" and Odont is Greek word for "Tooth" Endodontic treatment treats inside of the tooth Endodontics is the branch of clinical dentistry associated with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the pathosis of the dental pulp and peri-radicular tissue. That is, the main aim of the endodontic therapy involves to:
i. Maintain vitalitY of the PulP .
ii. Preserve and restore the tooth with damaged and necrotic pulp.
iii. Preserve and restore the teeth which have failed to the previous endodontic therapy to allow the tooth to remain functional in the dental arch


Background and aims:
For many people, toothache resulting from infection of the dental pulp is a cause of severe suffering. The infection often occurs as a result of dental caries. Pulpal infections can also occur in non-carious teeth by cracks or fractures, due to external trauma or in heavily restored teeth. The purpose of root canal treatment by root filling of teeth (endodontics) is to prevent and treat pulpal infections and thereby symptoms such as toothache and swelling because of suppuration. The aim of endodontic treatment is a functional and asymptomatic tooth, without signs of residual root canal infection, including loss of bone at the root apex.

Within every tooth there is a hollow channel which extends from the crown to the root tip. This space, or canal, is normally filled with soft tissue, known as the dental pulp. The main opening of the root canal, at the tip of the root, is called the apical foramen, through which the pulp is in communication with the surrounding tissues (the periodontal membrane and the jaw bone). The pulp tissue also receives its blood and nerve supply through the apical foramen. The pulp has a key role in dental development and function. Because it is so richly supplied with nervous tissue, it is also an important sensory organ. Under normal conditions, the pulp is completely encased and protected by the attachment apparatus of the tooth and the hard tissues (enamel and dentine. When the hard tissue barrier is breached, most commonly due to dental caries, bacteria and bacterial metabolites penetrate the pulpal space through the narrow tubules in the dentine and the pulp becomes inflamed. Pulpal inflammation can also arise if a tooth is damaged through trauma, or after extensive dental restoration. When direct exposure of the pulp occurs, there is a risk for subsequent pulpal death. A dead pulp allows infection to establish within the tooth. This infection leads in turn to inflammation in the tissues around the root apex.