The gingiva is the part of the oral mucous membrane that covers the alveolar processes and the cervical portions of the teeth. It has been traditionally divided into free and attached gingiva.
The free gingiva is the tissue coronal to the bottom of the gingival sulcus.
The attached gingiva extends apically from the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction. Attached gingiva is necessary to maintain sulcus depth, to resist functional stresses during mastication, and to resist tensional stress by acting as a buffer between the mobile gingival margin and the loosely structured alveolar mucosa. The width of the attached gingiva is narrower in the mandible than in the maxilla, and both widths increase with the transition from the primary to permanent dentition in the child.
The gingival tissues are normally light pink in adults. The gingival colour of the young child may be more reddish due to increased vascularity and less keratinized thinner epithelium. This may be interpreted as mild inflammation. The surface of the gingiva of a child appears less stippled or smoother than that of an adult.
In the healthy adult, the marginal gingiva has a sharp, knifelike edge. During the period of tooth eruption in the child, however, the gingivae are thicker and have rounded margins due to the migration and cervical constriction of the primary teeth. The probing depths around primary teeth is approximately 2 mm, with the facial and lingual probe sites shallower than the proximal sites.
Gingivitis is inflammation involving only the gingival tissues surrounding the tooth without loss of connective tissue attachment.
Numerous surveys have shown that a large portion of the children has mild gingivitis. The major etiologic factors associated with gingivitis and more significant periodontal disease are uncalcified and calcified bacterial plaque.
Bacterial plaque is a complex, metabolically interconnected, and highly organized bacterial system that adhere firmly to the teeth. It consists of dense masses of microorganisms embedded in an intermicrobial matrix (biofilm). In sufficient concentration, it can disturb the host-parasite relationship and cause dental caries and periodontal disease.
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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