The Endodontics Isolation of the operating field

Isolation of the operating field
? Problems during restorative treatment.
?The goals of operating field isolation are:
?harm prevention (Excessive saliva and handpiece spray can alarm the patient. Small instruments and restorative debris can be aspirated or swallowed. Soft tissue can be damaged accidentally).
?moisture control (sulcular fluid, saliva, and gingival bleeding from the operating field).
?retraction (maintaining an open mouth and depressing or retracting the gingival tissue, tongue, lips, and cheek).
Techniques of isolation of the operating field
I-Local anesthesia
II-Rubber dam
III-Absorbents (cotton roll isolation and cellulose wafers).
IV-Throat shields or throat screens (gauze sponges).
V-High-volume evacuators and saliva ejector
Other isolation techniques:
I-Retraction cord
II-Mirror and evacuator tip
III-Mouth prop
IV-Drugs
I-Local anesthesia
?Local anesthesia is important in moisture control.
?It reduces salivation, apparently because the patient is more comfortable, less anxious, and less sensitive to oral stimuli, thus reducing salivary flow.
?Local anesthetics incorporating a vasoconstrictor also reduce blood flow, thus helping to control hemorrhage at the operating site.
II-Rubber dam
?In 1864, S.C. Barnum, a New York City dentist, introduced the rubber dam into dentistry.
?The rubber dam is used to define the operating field by isolating one or more teeth from the oral environment.
?The dam eliminates saliva from the operating site and retracts the soft tissue.
?The dam ensures appropriate dryness of the teeth and improves the quality of clinical restorative dentistry.