The Endodontics Phases of root canal treatment 2

Phase2: Irrigation
•Root canal systems cannot be adequately cleaned and disinfected by mechanical methods alone. Within the current body of knowledge, it has become apparent that a key role of mechanical instrumentation is to develop a pathway for the effective exchange of irrigant solutions throughout the length of the canal system.
•An ideal irrigating solution should not only flush debris from canal systems, but should be actively antimicrobial, and actively remove remnants of soft tissue from canal ramifications. The solution should combine these abilities and also have only a slight potential to cause damage to the host hard and soft tissues.
•At present, the most used irrigant solution is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which is relatively inexpensive, has been shown to be both antimicrobial and to have tissue-solvent activity, other potential irrigants range from the commonly used (e.g. chlorhexidine, EDTA and citric acid) to the less common (e.g. sterile water and tolonium chloride).
Phase2: Irrigation
1.Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)
2.Ethylenediamine Tetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA)
4.Citric Acid(C6H8O7)
5.Chlorhexidine
1.Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
2.Sterile water and saline
3.Iodine (I2)
4.Chloramine-T
5.Photo-activated disinfection (PAD)
6.Electro-chemically activation
7.Other methods (25% tannic acid solution, 40% polyacrylic acid, MTAD, 9-amino acridine, Ozone (O3) and Ca(OH)2)
Standard irrigant agents
Alternative irrigant agents
1.The Syringe
2.Manual dynamic exchange
3.Passive ultrasonic activation
4.Endoactivator
5.EndoVac
Methods of irrigant delivery and agitation