Lect.2 Esthetic operative Dentistry 4th stage -2019

http://elearn.uobabylon.edu.iq
https://publons.com/researcher/1437059/ameer-hamdi-hakeem-alameedee/
http://staff.uobabylon.edu.iq/site.aspx?id=876
http://livedna.net/?dna=964.23578

Sterilization and Infection Control in dentistry:
Practical infection control in the operatory dentistry is a multi-step process. Protocol should be updated to include:
1- Good identification of high-risk patient populations.
2- Good barrier technique, aseptic technique.
3- Good surface disinfection.
4- Good instrument sterilization.
5- Good equipment disinfection and sterilization.
Dental chair units contain integrated systems that provide the instruments and services for a wide range of dental procedures. Dental chair units use water to cool and irrigate Dental Chair Unit (D.C.U) ?supplied instruments and tooth surfaces during dental treatment. Water is supplied to these instruments by a network of interconnected narrow?bore (2–3?mm) plastic tubes called dental unit waterlines. Many studies over the last 40?years demonstrated that DENTAL UNIT WATERLINE (D.U.W) output water is often contaminated with high densities of micro?organisms, predominantly Gram?negative aerobic heterotropic environmental bacteria, including Legionella and Pseudomonas species. Untreated Dental unit waterlines host biofilms that permit micro?organisms to multiply and disperse through the water network and which are aerosolized by (D.C.U) instrument use, thus exposing patients and staff to these micro?organisms, to fragments of biofilm and bacterial endotoxins. This review concentrates on how practical developments and innovations in specific areas can contribute to effective (D.U.W) biofilm control. These include the use of effective (D.U.W) treatment agents, improvements to (D.C.U) supply water quality, (D.C.U) design changes, development of automated (D.U.W) treatment procedures that are effective at controlling biofilm in the long?term and require minimal human intervention, are safe for patients and staff, and which do not cause deterioration of (D.C.U) components following prolonged use.Dental Unit Waterline treatment agents:
Dental unit waterlines treatment agents are generally divided into two categories, including agents for intermittent (D.U.W) treatment (e.g. once weekly) and agents for continuous or residual (D.U.W) treatment. It is important to note that many (D.U.W) treatment agents have not been developed or endorsed by dental chair unit manufacturers, but rather have been developed by other manufacturers in response to an evident market need. Thus, there is significant potential for incompatibility of (D.U.W) treatment agents with components of the (D.U.W) network as well as with instruments connected to this network (Coleman et al. 2007).