alkyl halide

3/12/2012
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Alkyl halides
A compound with a halogen atom
bonded to one of the sp3 hybrid carbon
atoms of an alkyl group
C X
+ -
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Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl
halides
Alkyl: Halogen, X, is directly bonded to sp3 carbon
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Nomenclature of Alkyl halides
• functional class nomenclature
– The alkyl group and the halide ( fluoride, chloride,
bromide, or iodide) are designated as separate
words.
– The alkyl group is named on the basis of its
longest continuous chain beginning at the carbon
to which the halogen is attached.
CH3 Br I
Cl
n-Butyl bromide Methyl iodide Cyclopentyl Chloride 3
Substitutive nomenclature
• Substitutive nomenclature of alkyl halides
treats the halogen as a halo- ( fluoro-, chloro-,
bromo-, or iodo-) substituent on an alkane
chain.
• The carbon chain is numbered in the direction
that gives the substituted carbon the lower
locant.
H C 3 Br I
Cl
1-Bromo-butane Iodomethane Chloro-cyclopentane
n-Butyl bromide Methyl iodide Cyclopentyl Chloride
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