terminology lecture8

Dental terminology
Dr.Issam Aljorani (BDS, MSc. Ortho.)
Lecture 8
Periodontics
Deals with the treatment of diseases of the tissues around the teeth, commonly called the periodontium. The periodontium serves as an attachment apparatus and is composed of four major tissues:


Gingival: fibrous, epithelial tissue surrounding a tooth.
Periodontal ligaments: bundles of fibers that support and retain the tooth in the alveolar socket.
Cementum: outer hard, rough surface covering of the root section of the tooth that permits the fiber attachment for tooth retention.
Alveolar bone process: compact bone that forms the tooth socket; supported by stronger bone tissue of the mandible and maxilla and accepts periodontal fiber attachment.
Classification of Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal diseases can be divided into two main divisions:
= Gingivitis, an inflammation of gingival tissue with no supporting tissue loss
= Periodontitis, inflammation of gingival tissue with involvement of other tissues of the periodontium.



Periodontal Treatment Methods
Nonsurgical Treatment of the Periodontium
Removing supragingival and subgingival plaque, calculus, stain, and irritants through tooth-crown and root-surface scaling and root planing (SRP). This treatment usually involves ultrasonic tip scaling and hand instrumentation, also polishing surfaces of teeth to remove accumulated stains.
Periodontal Surgery Techniques
Various specialized surgical treatments are applied in cases of extensive disease of the periodontium.
? Mucogingival excision: used to correct defects in shape, position, or amount of gingiva around the tooth.
? Gingivectomy
Cosmetic Dentistry
? Crown lengthening: removal of excessive gingival covering tooth enamel in the sulcus area.
? Soft tissue graft: periodontal flap coverage of exposed root areas or repair of pocket damage.
? Ridge augmentation: bone graft inserts to reshape to the natural contour of gingival and alveolar bone.
? Gingivoplasty



Instrumentation for Periodontics
• Periodontal probe: used to measure the depth of the periodontal pocket by determining the amount of gingival tissue attachment.
• Scaler: instrument with a sharpened blade to remove supragingival calculus deposits and stains. Scalers are available in various shapes such as sickle for universal use, straight for anterior areas, and contra-angled for posterior areas.




Pediatric Dentistry

It concerned with the care of the teeth and oral tissues of the child patient, from infancy through adolescence. The dentist specializing in this practice is called a pedodontist.
Development and Growth Concerns of the Pediatric Dentition
anodontia: absence of teeth, usually of genetic origin.
macrodontia : abnormally large teeth.
cleft palate or lip: fissure of an organ; incomplete juncture.
enamel hypoplasia: underdevelopment of the enamel tissue.
dentinogenesis imperfecta: incomplete or improper development of dentin tissue.
amelogenesis imperfecta : incomplete or improper development of the enamel tissue.
baby bottle mouth: mouth condition of badly decayed and rotted teeth with accompanying gum-tissue soreness that is caused from prolonged access to bottle feeding through sleep and eating .

Pulpal Treatment
The affected vital pulp of a primary tooth or a permanent tooth not fully calcified may receive any of a number of treatment procedures :
Pulp capping: placement of medication to sedate and treat inflamed pulp.
Indirect capping is needed when the pulp has not yet been exposed.
direct capping, the medicament is placed directly upon the exposed, affected pulp.
pulpotomy: partial or full removal of pulpal tissue located in the crown .
pulpectomy: removal of pulpal tissue from the crown and root sections .

Traumatized Tooth Difficulties
Traumatized primary and permanent teeth exhibit a variety of difficulties and effects:
pulpal hyperemia: congestion of blood within the pulp chamber.
internal hemorrhage: rupture of pulpal capillaries.
internal/external resorption: destructive, dissolving process caused by odontoclastic action.
pulpal necrosis: pulpal death.
Ankylosis; fusion of cementum of the root with the cribriform plate of the alveolar bone with no intervening periodontal ligament.
intrusion: tooth thrust into the alveolus with partial crown exposure.
extrusion: tooth thrust away from the alveolus.
luxation: tooth moved out of place.
avulsion: tooth forced out of its socket.

You can download this lecture and slideshow from
http://elearn.uobabylon.edu.iq/course/index.php?categoryid=1051
Dr.Issam M. Abdullah Aljorani
BDS, MSc. Ortho.
Can ask or put a comment at??
https://sayat.me/Issamm
asd.issam@gmail.com
2018